Abstract: To simulate the influence of member damage on the residual strength of single-layer reticulated domes under earthquakes, the relational expression between the greatest member damage and the residual strength of single-layer spherical reticulated domes is derived based on the continuous thin dome theory. A damage-based assessment model for seismic residual strength of single-layer spherical reticulated domes is then established. A numerical example of an 80m-span Kiewitt-8 dome is analyzed to assess and optimize the residual strength under different earthquakes. The results indicate that the proposed assessment model can accurately assess the effect of greatest member damage on the seismic residual strength of domes. The seismic residual strength can be significantly improved through the damage-based optimization method by using the proposed dome assessment model.