低扭转刚度悬索桥扭转发散特征及抗风对策

AEROSTATIC DIVERGENCE PROPERTIES OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES WITH LOW TORSIONAL STIFFNESS AND ANTI-WIND COUNTERMEASURES

  • 摘要: 柔性悬索桥容易出现气动失稳现象。悬索桥的静风失稳特性已经被国内外较广泛地研究过,这类结构的静风失稳表现为加劲梁突然增大的、沿桥跨方向对称分布的扭转变形。伴随该类扭转发散的另一现象是主缆卸载至空缆悬挂状态。当加劲梁扭转刚度极低时,中小跨度人马吊桥扭转发散形式与传统公路悬索桥扭转发散形式有实质性的不同,表现为非对称分布的单拐点或多拐点扭转锁定,扭转锁定后两主缆张力并不卸载反而出现急剧张紧的现象。采用数值方法研究了抗风措施,结果表明增加主梁扭转刚度不仅能实质性地提高扭转发散临界风速,而且可以将发散形式从反对称扭转锁定转变为传统的对称扭转模式。对反拉抗风缆截面积、张力、安装角度以及矢跨比的抗风效果进行了参数化的分析,结果表明反拉抗风缆的最佳安装角度在15°~45°,其抗风效果随着截面积、张力以及矢高的增加而增加。综合材料用量与抗风效果等因素,建议抗风缆面积为主缆面积1/3,反拉张力为恒载效应的1/4,地形允许的情况下尽量增加矢跨比。

     

    Abstract: Flexible suspension bridges are susceptible to wind-induced instabilities. The aerostatic stability properties of highway suspension bridges have been extensively investigated. It has been found that the torsional divergence ends up with the abrupt deck rotation of large amplitudes distributed in a symmetric manner along the bridge axis, and what accompanying to the instability is the complete unload of one of the two main cables to a stress state of the cable finish stage. In this work, however, it is found that the pattern of torsional divergence of small- to moderate-span bridges with very low torsional stiffness girders is significantly different from that of a traditional highway bridge due to the relative torsional stiffness of the bridge deck to that provided by the main cable system. In this case, the torsional divergence substantially differs from the traditional one and exhibits a twist-locking phenomenon. It ends up with asymmetric torsional deformation along the bridge axis with one or more inflection points, accompanied by the abrupt tightening up of the main cable system. Countermeasures are numerically investigated. The results show that improving the torsional stiffness of the main girder not only substantially enhances the threshold of divergence, but also changes the pattern of divergence from an asymmetric, twist-locking rotation to a symmetric rotation. Parametric investigations of wind-resistant cables are performed in terms of the cable section area, cable tension, installation angle and sag ratio. It is found that the best installation angle is between 15 to 45 degrees, and that the mitigation effect increases with the cable section area, cable tension and the sag ratio. The combination of the mitigation effect and material costs suggests that the best scheme is the one of wind-resistant cables to be of one third of the main cable’s area, of the amount of tension produced by a quarter of the dead load, and of a sag-ratio as large as allowed by the topography.

     

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