Abstract: To adapt to the development of multi-storey and high-rise fabricated residential structure, a new fabricated steel frame filled with lightweight steel composite wall panel structure system was proposed. Four full-scale steel frame-infilled lightweight steel composite wall panel specimens were tested under low cyclic loading. The effects of filler strengths, stud sections, wall opening on the failure modes, hysteretic behavior, shear bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation performance of the specimens were analyzed, and the collaboration mechanism of steel frame and lightweight steel composite wall panel was studied. The results show that the steel frame works well with the infilled wall panel. The wall panel experiences shear failure, and the main failure characteristics are compression failure of the filler corners, bond-slip cracks between the skeleton and fillers, damage of the panel and screw connection failure. The steel frame has no obvious damage, which exhibits a good constraint effect on the infilled wall panel. The increase of the filler strength and stud section can improve the shear bearing capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation performance of the specimen, but the ductility is reduced. The opening reduces the shear bearing capacity, initial stiffness and energy dissipation performance of the wall panel, while the ductility increases. In the early loading stage, the wall panels bear 85% of the horizontal load. In the late loading stage, the wall panels gradually withdraw from work, and the steel frames bear the main horizontal load and overturning moment.