Abstract: The continuous compaction system is used to evaluate the compaction quality according to the response of the vibration wheel in the process of vibration compaction, and the working parameters of the roller are adjusted according to the feedback of the soil compaction quality. Based on the lumped parameter model, a plastic spring was introduced into the compaction process, which was divided into three stages: elastic stage, elastic-plastic stage, and separation stage. The dynamic control equations of three stages were established, and the switching conditions of each stage were determined according to the relative displacement and force of wheel-soil. The reliability of the model was verified by field-measured data. The characteristics of excitation force (amplitude of excitation force, frequency of excitation) and the vibration response of soil parameters are revealed. When the amplitude of excitation force is constant, the amplitude and separation period of vibration wheel decrease with the increase of excitation frequency. When the excitation frequency is constant, the amplitude and separation period of vibration wheel increase with the increase of excitation frequency. When the amplitude of the excitation force and frequency remain unchanged, the amplitude of the vibration wheel decreases with the increase of the dynamic shear modulus of soil. When the dynamic shear modulus of soil is small, the soil experiences mainly plastic deformation. When the dynamic shear modulus of soil is large, the elastic deformation of soil is dominant, and the amplitude decreases slowly until it becomes gentle.