Abstract: In view of frequent vehicle collision accidents, a new type of energy dissipation anti-collision pier is proposed in this paper to ensure the normal operation of bridge structures, and ensure the normal use of bridges at the same time to achieve the best energy consumption. By using the nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA, the anti-collision performance of a new energy-dissipating anti-collision pier under the impact of drop hammer and actual vehicle is studied respectively, and the main energy-dissipating component, the anti-impact hollow diamond-shaped damper, is analyzed. The numerical simulations of the impact test of the X-shaped damper and the impact test of the reinforced concrete beam are carried out. The results show that the numerical model established in this paper can well simulate the dynamic response of the mild steel damper and the reinforced concrete structure under low speed impact. Based on this modeling method, the numerical models of the anti-impact hollow diamond-shaped dampers and the new energy dissipation anti-collision pier are established. The energy absorption capacity and failure mode of a single hollow diamond-shaped damper with different section sizes are analyzed, and the size, shape and hole optimizations are carried out to achieve the best energy dissipation capacity. The increase rate of energy consumption of new energy dissipation anti-collision pier and that of ordinary pier are compared under different factors. The results show that the energy dissipation capacity of anti-impact hollow diamond-shaped dampers under impact load is maximized after parameter optimization. Under impact load, the new energy dissipation anti-collision pier with the optimal energy dissipation anti-impact hollow diamond-shaped dampers has a good protection effect on the internal pier column under the impact of drop hammer and actual vehicle, which guarantees the safety of the pier and can be applied to the pier protection engineering.