台风作用下海峡通道内波、流要素极值及其非共线特性研究

STUDY ON EXTREME VALUES AND NON-COLLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES AND CURRENT PARAMETERS IN A SEA STRAIT UNDER TYPHOONS

  • 摘要: 强台风极端天气系统常在海峡区域引发强波流耦合作用,其中非共线波流作用产生的极端波对区域内桥梁等建筑设施构成巨大威胁。现有波、流作用研究普遍针对共线或正交的情况进行展开,很少针对实际情况进行研究,因此该文建立了波流耦合模型以探明台风作用下波、流及其波流夹角特性,通过对1987年−2018年期间51次台风进行数值模拟获取环境数据,构建波-流-波流夹角三维联合概率模型及波流环境等值线模型,对波、流要素极值和波流夹角进行讨论。研究表明:波高极值和流速极值对应时刻波流均呈现非共线特性,波高极值主要出现在波流反向情况,而流速极值多出现在波流同向情况;给定重现期下环境等值线的环境参数极值受环境参数选取时刻影响较大;极端情况下,波流夹角在0°~30°和150°~180°出现概率可达80%。

     

    Abstract: Severe typhoons usually induce extreme wave and current coupled environments in sea strait areas, which poses a significant threat to structural safety of offshore structures, such as buildings and bridges. The focus of existing research has been mainly on the collinear wave-current scenarios, but less on the actual wave-current conditions in the strait. This paper addressed the issue by establishing a wave-current coupled metocean simulation model to investigate the characteristics of wave currents and their intersection angles in Qiongzhou Strait induced by historical typhoons. The environmental data were obtained by simulating 51 typhoons between 1987 and 2018. A three-dimensional joint probability model of wave height, current speed and the intersection angle and the associated environmental contour model were then constructed. The extreme values of wave and current parameters were finally investigated. The research reveals that extreme wave height and current speed in the strait exhibit non-collinear characteristics. In extreme scenarios, the probability of wave-current intersection angles between 0°-30° and 150°-180° can reach up to 80%. Extreme wave height predominantly occurs when the current and wave are in opposite directions, while extreme current speed appears when the wave and current propagate in the same direction. The extreme values of wave and current parameters depend on the extraction time for a given return period.

     

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