弱胶结砂土强度特性的微观机理离散元分析

DISCRETE ELEMENT ANALYSES ON THE MICROSCOPIC MECHANISM OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOR FOR WEAKLY CEMENTED SAND

  • 摘要: 天然土体颗粒间通常存在胶结物质,可称为胶结土,弱胶结土在常见平均应力下的强度特性及其机理表现出明显的平均应力相关性。另外,低平均应力下胶结土的强度对边坡顶部拉裂、基坑浅部稳定等问题起到关键作用,其呈现明显的非线性,且不易通过试验测得。针对弱胶结砂土,采用离散单元法通过在颗粒间施加胶结模型建立了胶结砂土数值试样,开展了等向拉伸/压缩、等p三轴试验(含p<0和p>0)和等p真三轴试验离散元分析。结果表明胶结砂土三轴试验的应力-应变关系可以分为三种情况:低围压下(p<σy),胶结砂土强度包线超越临界状态线q=Mp,应力-应变关系呈现应变软化,微观上伴随胶结接触较快退出承力而摩擦接触承力增长缓慢;中围压下(σy <p<( pcpt)),应力-应变关系在起始段表现出比重塑砂土更高的模量,总体呈现应变硬化,微观上胶结接触退出承力而摩擦接触承力增长较快;高围压下(p>( pcpt)),应力-应变关系接近相应重塑砂土,微观上在剪切之前即有大量胶结接触退出承力而摩擦接触承力增长更快。三种情况下,胶结砂土和重塑砂土具有接近相同的临界状态强度。在p-q平面上,弱胶结砂土的强度包线在p<σy时符合扩展椭圆面,并在p>σy时融入临界状态强度线;在π平面上,临界强度和峰值强度均符合Lade-Duncan准则。

     

    Abstract: Natural soils generally have cemented material between particles, which can be referred to as cemented soils, and the strength behavior and its mechanism of weakly cemented soils at common mean stresses are dependent on the mean stress. In addition, the strength of cemented soils under low mean stress, which exhibits significant nonlinearity and is difficult to be measured, is essential in engineering problems such as slope tensile strength cut-off and stability of shallow excavation. For this reason, the discrete element method was adopted to generate numerical specimens of weakly cemented sand by installing a bond contact model between particles, which were subjected to isotropic tensile/compression, constant p triaxial tests (including p<0 and p>0) and constant p true triaxial tests. The results show that the stress-strain relationships of cemented sand in triaxial tests can be classified as three cases: under the low confining pressure (p < σy), the strength envelope exceeds the critical state line q = Mp, and therefore the stress-strain relationship shows strain softening, which microscopically corresponds to a quick decrease in the stress contribution of bond contacts and a slow growth in stress contribution of frictional contacts; under the medium confining pressure (σy < p < (pcpt)), the stress-strain relationship is higher than that of the remolded sand at low axial strain, and strain hardening is observed, and microscopically corresponds to a decrease in the stress contribution of bond contacts and a faster growth in stress contribution of frictional contacts; under the high confining pressure (p>(pcpt)), the stress-strain relationship is close to that of the corresponding remolded sand, with a considerable decrease in the stress contribution of bond contacts and a much faster growth in stress contribution of frictional contacts. In all three cases, cemented and remolded sands have roughly the same critical strength. The strength envelope in the p-q space of the weakly cemented sand can be described using the extended elliptical surface at p < σy and incorporates the critical state strength line at p > σy; in the π plane, both the critical and peak strength envelope can be described using the Lade-Duncan criterion.

     

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