藏式古建筑木梁柱节点的承压性能研究

BEARING PERFORMANCE OF TIMBER BEAM-COLUMN JOINT IN HERITAGE TIBETAN STRCUTRE

  • 摘要: 为研究藏式梁柱节点的承压性能,选取布达拉宫中的典型节点作为原型,制作足尺的节点模型并设置修复节点工况,依次进行均布和集中荷载作用下的竖向静力加载试验,分析节点承压的破坏模式、各组件受力状态、传力机理和荷载-位移曲线特征,确定节点的承压刚度、屈服荷载和极限荷载,并探究更换垫木对节点承压性能的修复效果,最后提出节点各力学性能指标的理论计算公式。结果表明:在竖向荷载作用下,梁和弓木顺纹受弯,弓木和垫木横纹受压,柱子顺纹受压,各组件利用接触面的挤压和摩擦及暗销的压缩和剪切协同工作;节点在均布荷载和集中荷载作用下的有效承压区不同,导致其承压刚度发生变化;垫木是节点承压的最薄弱部件,破坏形式为底部被局部嵌压而顶部发生横纹受压屈服;更换垫木的修复措施可恢复损坏节点在均布荷载下的承压刚度和80%以上的承压能力;利用试验结果验证了所提出的节点承压刚度、屈服荷载和极限荷载的理论计算公式,可为不同尺寸的藏式梁柱节点的承压性能评估提供参考和依据。

     

    Abstract: To study the bearing performance of the Tibetan beam-column joint, a full-scale joint and a repaired joint fabricated based on a typical joint in Potala Palace as the prototype were statically tested under vertical uniform and concentrated loads successively. The failure mode, stress state of each component, force-transferring mechanism and characteristics of load-displacement curve of the joint under vertical load were analyzed. The bearing stiffness, yield load and ultimate load of the joint were determined. The repair effect of replacing Dianmu on bearing performance of the joint was explored. Finally, the theoretical calculation formulas of mechanical indices of the joint were proposed. The results show that under vertical load, the beam and Gongmu are bent along the grain, the Gongmu and Dianmu are compressed perpendicular to the gain, and the column is compressed along the grain. Different components of the joint work together via the pressure and friction of the contact surfaces and the compression and shear of the dowels. The effective compression areas of the joint under uniform load and concentrated load are different, leading to the change in bearing stiffness of the joint. Dianmu is the weakest compressive component of the joint, and it fails with the partial embedding at the bottom and compressive yielding perpendicular to the grain at the top. The compressional stiffness under uniform load and more than 80% of bearing capacity of the damaged joint can be restored by the restoration measure of replacing Dianmu. The theoretical calculation formulas of bearing stiffness, yield load and ultimate load are verified by experimental results, which can provide reference and basis for the evaluation of the bearing performance of Tibetan beam-column joints with different sizes.

     

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