Abstract: In order to study the eccentric compression performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) encased concrete filled steel tubular stub columns (UC-CFST stub columns for short), the strength of the encasing materials and eccentricity are taken as the main parameters, and the eccentric compression tests of 15 specimens are carried out, including CFSTs, ordinary concrete-encased CFST stub columns (OC-CFST stub columns for short) and UC-CFSTs. Meanwhile, a numerical simulation analysis of the eccentric compressive performance of UC-CFST short columns with actual bridge sized is carried out using large-scale general finite element analysis software. It finds that the limit failure is that the edge strain of UHPC compression reached the ultimate compressive strain as soon as the steel tube in a tension zone yield. Under small eccentric compression failure, the encasing concrete of the compressive side of the OC-CFST stub columns are crushed and peeled off in a large area, while the encasing UHPC of the compressive side of the UC-CFST stub columns have longitudinal cracks throughout the columns, but it still remain relatively intact. Under large eccentric compression failure, the main crack of the encasing concrete of the OC-CFSTs expands from the tensile side to the compressive zone, and the concrete on the compressive side is crushed, while the main crack of the encasing UHPC of the UC-CFSTs are only distributed on the tensile side, and there is no obvious damage on the compressive side. However, for CFST stub columns, whether subjected to small or large eccentric compression failure, the failure mode was characterized by local buckling of the steel tube on the compression side at the upper middle position, and the core concrete at that location is crushed. Compared to the OC-CFST stub columns, the ultimate load-bearing capacity of UC-CFST stub columns with the same eccentricity is increased by 174% on average, while the ductility decreased by about 60% on average. The bearing capacity of UC-CFST stub columns with real bridge section size decreases with the increase of loading eccentricity. Based on the results of eccentric compression test and finite element parameter analysis, a calculation method of ultimate load-bearing capacity for UC-CFST stub columns considering the influence of eccentricity is proposed, which has good calculation accuracy.