Abstract: The fire resistance performance of beams in a frame structure constitutes a fundamental aspect of the fire resistance of the frame structure. In this study, fire resistance performance tests were conducted on a framework consisting of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The experiments considered variations in the load ratios of the RC beams, and comprehensive investigations were undertaken to analyze the temperature distribution and developmental patterns, failure modes, deflections, and fire resistance limits of steel-reinforced concrete beams within the SRC-RC frame structure. The test results show that the temperature at the mid-span section of the beam in the frame structure is higher than that at the beam end section due to the heat adsorption of the frame joint. When the temperature of hoopings and shear-load ratio were both high, a shear failure mode occurred, in which a distinctive failure mode with two diagonal crack patterns was exhibited at the beam ends. Accordingly, the higher temperature elevation in the lower corner of the beam section causes the transverse reinforcement to fracture at the corresponding area. The beam in the frame structure undergoes a transition from a shear failure mode to a flexural-shear failure mode as the shear-load ratio decreases from 0.61 to 0.31. In the shear failure mode, the deflection-time relationship curve of the beam in the frame structure shows a clear inflection point, indicating shear failure at that point, while in the flexural-shear failure mode, the inflection point is less pronounced. It also shows that the fire resistance decreased from 185 min to 73 min with an increase in the shear-load ratio from 0.31 to 0.61. A practical method for the fire resistance calculation of RC beams in frame structures is proposed based on the test results.