Abstract: Uniaxial compression experiments of sandstone in different states (saturated, natural, frozen and thawed) were carried out to explore the mechanical properties, fracture morphology and energy evolution mechanism of sandstone in Luohe Formation during compression under different states. Based on the rock strain energy density theory and typical constitutive relationship of rock, a prediction model of crack bulk density was established, and the quantitative relationship between rock mechanical parameters and fracture bulk density was developed. The study results show that: the closure stress, initiation stress, peak stress and elastic modulus of the sandstone in Luohe Formation at different states are as follows: frozen state is the largest, natural state is secondary and thawed state is the smallest, and the characteristic strain energy is consistent with the characteristic stress variation law. The sandstone main have two kinds of destruction patterns at different states, viz., shear failure state and, tensile-shear mixed failure one. The dissipated energy of thawed rock samples at the peak point accounts for the largest proportion, while the total dissipated energy is the smallest. The crack bulk density is only related to the stress state and the mechanical properties of the rock. The research results can provide some technical support for the disaster prevention and control work after thawing of sandstone frozen vertical shaft in Luohe Formation.