基于试验-实测数据融合驱动模型的龙卷风风场预测

PREDICTION OF TORNADO WIND FIELD UPON FUSION DRIVEN MODEL INCORPORATING WIND TUNNEL TEST AND ON-SITE DATA

  • 摘要: 作为破坏力最大的自然灾害之一,龙卷风发生时往往会造成较大的人员伤亡及经济损失。受限于龙卷风危险性及发生发展时空随机性,现场实测数据过于稀缺且风场数据不完整。鉴于此,该文利用武汉科技大学最新研制的龙卷风模拟器生成缩尺类龙卷风,研究了其三维风速及气压降空间分布特征。基于风洞试验及现有实测风场数据,提出一种基于神经网络的实测-试验数据融合模型,并对模型进行了验证。在此基础上,对不同涡流比下龙卷风场三维速度及气压降进行预测,研究了其空间分布。研究表明:龙卷风模拟器中模拟得到的龙卷风涡旋其三维风速分布符合真实龙卷风分布,涡核半径附近气流处于螺旋上升状态与真实龙卷风相似。基于实测-试验数据融合驱动模型预测的龙卷风三维风场及气压降平均相对误差保持在8%以下,具有较高精度,可以用于近地面及高涡流比风场重构。融合模型预测结果表明龙卷风最大切向风速、竖向风速以及气压降幅值主要集中在近地面区域。其中,最大切向风速和竖向风速主要集中在涡核半径附近,气压降幅值通常在涡核中心处达到最大。重构的高涡流比(Sr=1)风场相较于低涡流比(Sr=0.17)风场,三维风速及气压降幅值在涡核半径区域明显增加,龙卷风核心区域增大覆盖区域更广。该融合模型可实现不同涡流比下龙卷风风场的完整重构,为进一步研究土木工程结构的龙卷风作用效应奠定了基础。

     

    Abstract: As one of the most destructive natural disasters, tornado often cause large casualties and economic losses when it occurs. Due to the unpredictable nature and associated risks of tornado occurrence and development, the current on-site data of tornado are scarce and incomplete. Thusly, this study employed the tornado simulator developed by Wuhan University of Science and Technology to generate the scale tornadoes to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of three-dimensional wind velocity and pressure drop. Additionally, a fusion model that integrated existing on-site wind-field data and experimental data based on a neural network was proposed to reconstruct the tornado wind field. After validated the model, the tornado-field characteristics under different swirl ratios were predicted. The main findings are as follows: (1) the three-dimensional wind velocity distribution of the simulated tornado vortex in the tornado simulator at Wuhan University of Science and Technology exhibited a remarkable resemblance to that observed in real tornadoes, while the airflow near the core radius demonstrated a spiral state akin to actual tornadoes; (2) the average relative error of tornado wind field and pressure drop predicted by the fusion model was kept below 8%, which had a high precision and could be used for the reconstruction of wind field near the surface and high swirl ratio; (3) the fusion model's prediction results indicated that the maximum tangential wind velocity, vertical wind velocity, and pressure drop value of a tornado were primarily concentrated near the ground, specifically, the maximum tangential wind velocity and vertical wind velocity exhibited concentration near the radius of the vortex core, while the pressure drop value typically reached its peak at the center of the vortex core; (4) the three-dimensional wind velocity and pressure amplitude within the vortex core radius exhibited a significant increase when comparing the reconstructed wind field at a high swirl ratio (Sr=1) to that at a low swirl ratio (Sr=0.17), leading to an expansion of the tornado core area, which encompassed a broader region. This model could completely reconstruct the three-dimensional wind velocity and pressure drop of tornado under different swirl ratios, which provided an important support for the structural wind resistance in the tornado environment.

     

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