Abstract: Quasi-static tests were conducted on one ordinary concrete column reinforced with HTRB 630 high-strength rebars and six HTRB 630 UHPC columns reinforced with HTRB 630 high-strength rebars to investigate their seismic performance. The test parameters included the effects of concrete type, of steel fiber content, of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, of stirrup spacing, and of axial compression ratio. The test results indicated that all specimens reinforced with high-strength rebars have bending ductility failure. In comparison to ordinary concrete column, UHPC columns exhibit enhanced integrity. Additionally, the bearing capacity, deformation and energy dissipation capacity of UHPC columns are also increased significantly. Under the premise of ensuring seismic performance, adopting UHPC could lighten the weight of a structure by decreasing the amount of rebars and concrete. For UHPC specimens, the comprehensive seismic performance of UHPC columns could be improved by enhancing the steel fiber content, by reinforcing ratio of longitudinal rebars and, by reducing the stirrup spacing. Specifically, increasing the reinforcing ratio of longitudinal rebars has a better promotion effect on the bearing capacity of columns. Furthermore, decreasing the stirrup spacing could improve the ductility, deformation and, energy dissipation capacity of columns more obviously. The bearing capacity of columns would improve by increasing the axial compression ratio. However, their ductility, deformation and energy dissipation capacity descend at the same time. Based on the concept of performance-based seismic design, the performance levels of UHPC columns are classified into five grades: normal operation, temporary operation, repaired operation, life safety and, near collapse. In addition, a statistical analysis on the key characteristic points deformation values of a total of 52 UHPC piers and columns is presented by the grounds of the test results and of those from pertinent references. The objective is to give the angular limit value of the displacement of UHPC columns with 85% safety assurance rate under five seismic performance levels. These findings aim to provide a guidance for the seismic design of UHPC structures.