Abstract: To address the threat of vehicle collision on bridge piers of highway reinforced concrete (RC) bridges subjected to corrosion-induced deterioration, the high-fidelity finite element (FE) analysis of the dynamic response of corroded RC bridge piers under vehicle collisions was carried out by using LS-DYNA. Based on the drop weight impact tests of corroded RC beams from the literature, the validation of impact response of corroded RC beams was conducted, ensuring the reliability of material constitutive, corrosion algorithm and contact algorithm. FE models of corroded RC bridge piers and vehicles were established to analyze the collision damage modes and the responses of corroded RC bridge piers. The equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) model of vehicle collision on corroded RC piers was established and the results were compared with the FE model. The effects of vehicle speed, engine weight and cargo weight on the collision response of corroded RC bridge piers were examined. The results indicate that the damages to corroded RC bridge piers include bending damage, shear damage, impact-induced and corrosion-induced spalling of concrete. Among these damages, localized concrete spalling is the primary mode of damage. Corrosion of the RC bridge pier leads to a reduced third peak impact force in the impact response and an increase in lateral displacement of the pier. The displacement response of corroded piers obtained from the equivalent SDOF model is higher than that of the FE model. The dynamic response of corroded RC bridge piers becomes more pronounced at higher vehicle impact speeds. Moreover, increasing the masses of engine and cargo aggravates the overall damage to the corroded RC bridge pier. The degradation of vehicle impact response caused by corrosion after cargo impact is more significant. When the service life of the pier reaches 95 years, the displacement of the corroded pier at 120 km/h is about 1.72 times higher than that of the uncorroded pier.