Abstract: To investigate the effect of steel fiber volume fraction, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) fiber volume fraction, and slag powder substitution rate on the axial compressive mechanical properties of steel-PVA hybrid fiber high-performance concrete (HFHPC) short columns after high-temperature and water spray cooling, 50 specimens were designed and manufactured using the orthogonal experimental method. After different target temperatures (room temperature, 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃) and water spray cooling, destructive tests were conducted on the specimens. The whole force processes of specimens were observed, the load-displacement curves were obtained, mechanical performance indicators of axial compression were analyzed, and effects of various parameters on the axial compression performance of steel-PVA HFHPC short columns after high-temperature and water spray cooling were explored. The results indicate that as the target experience temperature increases, the failure mode of specimens changes from concrete splitting to crushing, and the elastic stage during axial compression is shortened. The addition of steel-PVA hybrid fibers can prolong the elastic stage and reduce the generation of cracks in both the development stage and the ultimate stage. Within the range of fiber volume fraction measured, the load-carrying capacity of HFHPC specimens at different temperatures increases with the increase in the volume fraction of steel fiber. At a target experience temperature of 800 ℃, the optimal mixing proportions, considering the improvement in ductility coefficient and energy dissipation factor after high-temperature water spray cooling, are as follows: 1.5% steel fiber volume fraction (V_S), 0.2% PVA fiber volume fraction (V_P), and 10% slag powder substitution rate (M). The calculation formula for the axial compressive bearing capacity of steel-PVA HFHPC short columns after high-temperature and water spray cooling was established.