Abstract: To reveal the fault activation and water inrush channel penetration mechanism under dynamic and static loads, a similarity simulation test system for coal seam floor fault water inrush under dynamic and static loads was developed. Utilizing this system and taking the Tangjiahui Coal Mine No. 61303 working face as the engineering background, a full-process simulation test under dynamic and static loads was conducted, analyzing overlying strata breakage, floor seepage field evolution, and fault slip characteristics. The results show that: The combined action of impact load caused by roof collapse and dynamic disturbance promotes the generation and expansion of internal cracks in floor rock mass. The water inrush channel evolution process exhibits distinct stages. Based on water pressure, flow rate, and acoustic emission signal characteristics, the process is categorized into the initial seepage stage, the stable seepage stage, and the water inrush catastrophe stage. Throughout the experiment, water pressure displays a trend of “first rising, then gently decreasing, and then sharply decreasing,” while water inflow exhibits a mutation characteristic of “first decreasing, then gently increasing, and then sharply increasing.” Based on digital image correlation and fiber optic monitoring, fault slip demonstrates significant alternating behavior between stick-slip and creep-slip. Dynamic disturbances at the instant of excavation disrupt the static equilibrium of the fault plane, inducing large-amplitude stick-slip behavior. Conversely, during excavation intervals, the fault exhibits minor creep-slip behavior under static load and water pressure influence. Fault activation is characterized by footwall priority. The footwall rock mass near the confined aquifer, weakened by long-term water-rock interaction, is the first to experience slip and expansion. The developed water inrush test system reproduces the entire process of floor fault water inrush under dynamic and static loads, providing an experimental means for deep mine water hazard prediction and prevention.